- particle indicating that a previously asked question is to be applied to the preceding word ("What about ...?", "And ...?")
- particle for inquiring about location ("Where is ...?")
- particle signaling a pause, to emphasize the preceding words and allow the listener time to take them on board ("ok?", "are you with me?")
- (at the end of a declarative sentence) particle indicating continuation of a state or action
- particle indicating strong affirmation